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This paper and presentation will provide examples of applications of acid injection and oxygen injection equipment and the evolution of their designs that resulted in use of reactive and refractory metal alloy solutions.  Many Mineral Processes and Chemical Processes require injection of high concentrations of Acids and Oxygen to create & maintain chemical reactions that create or liberate certain elements and/or compounds.  Precise delivery of either of these media into the reaction chamber is key to the efficiency or effectiveness of the reactions that occur.  Continuous as well as batch process that utilize injection lances are required to withstand non-steady state upsets in the process as well as long life during operation of the chemical reaction.

Methodic material selection and customized mechanical designs are usually required depending on the specific chemical interactions.  Velocity, concentration, temperature, and type of fluids or gases must be considered for proper selection of the most optimum materials that provide the equipment reliability and longevity requirements.  Reviewing specific case history examples and the thought process for each injection lance application will provide Engineering insight into how these designs evolved over the past two decades.